Qurbaani Ke Ahkaam Aur Masaail (Dalaayil Ke Sath)
الحمدلله ربّ العالمين والصّلٰوة والسّلام علٰى رسوله الأمين، أما بعد؛
Is mukhtasar aur jaame' mazmoon mein qurbaani ke b'az ahkaam aur masaail dalaayil ke sath paish e khidmat hain:
Qurbaani Sunnat E Muakkadah Hai!
Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaaya:
إن اول ما نبدا به في يومنا هذا ان نصلي، ثم نرجع فننحر، من فعله فقد اصاب سنتنا، ومن ذبح قبل، فإنما هو لحم قدمه لاهله، ليس من النسك في شيء
"Aaj (eid ul azhaa) ke din hum sab se pehle namaz padhen ge, phir wapas aakar qurbani karen ge." ان شاء الله jisne aisa kiya tou hamari sunnat ko paa liya aur jisne (namaz se) pehle zabah kar liya tou uski qurbani nahi hai..(mafhoom)
(Sahih Bukhari, Hadees: 5545)
B'az ulama ke nazdeek qurbaani wajib hai, lekin is par un ke paas koi sariih daleel nahi, jab ke (Sahih Muslim Hadees 1977, Tarqeem Darussalam: 5119) se qurbaani ka 'adm e wujoob saabit hai, neez Sayyiduna Abu Bakr aur Sayyiduna Umar رضی اللہ عنہم dono ke nazdeek qurbaani wajib nahi hai. (Dekhiye: Marifatus Sunan Wal Aasaar 7/198, Wa Sanadahu Hasan)
Imam Malik رحمہ اللہ ne farmaaya:
"Qurbani sunnat hai wajib nahi hai aur jo shakhs iski taqat rakhe tou mujhe pasand nahi ke wo isey tark kar dey."
(Muwatta Imam Malik: 2/487)
Imam Shafayi رحمہ اللہ ne farmaaya:
"Qurbaani karna sunnat hai (aur) main isey tark karna pasand nahi karta."
(Kitabul Umm: Jild 1, Page 221)
Saabit huwa ke eid ul azhaa ke mauqe par namaz e eid ke b'ad qurbaani karna sunnat e muakkadah hai aur sharayi uzr ke bagahir qurbaani na karna na-pasandeedah hai.
B'az munkireen e hadees ne bahut se aqaayid o masaail e zarooriyah ke inkaar ke sath, qurbaani ke sunnat hone ka bhi inkaar kar diya hai, halaanke qurbaani ka saboot ahadees e sahihah mutawatir balke Qur'an e Majeed mein bhi maujood hai. (masalan Surah as-Saaffaat: 107, al-Haj: 34, al-An'aam: 162)
Qurbaani Karne Waale Ke Liye Ahem Sharaayit
1) Qurbaani karne waale ka sahih ul aqeedah musalmaan aur kitaab o sunnat ki itteba' karne waala hona aur shirk, kufr aur bid'aat se paak hona zaroori hai aur jiska aqeedah kharaab ho, uska koi amal qaabil e qubool nahi hai, Qur'an, Hadees aur Ijmaa' ko mad e nazar rakhtey huwe har waqt apne emaan aur amaal ka khaas khayaal rakhen.
2) Rasoolullah ﷺ ne farmaaya:
إذا رايتم هلال ذي الحجة واراد احدكم ان يضحي، فليمسك عن شعره واظفاره
"Jab tum zul hijjah ka chand dekho aur tum mein se koi shaksh qurbaani ka iraadah kare tou usey apne baal aur naakhun taraashne se ruk jaana chahiye."
(Sahih Muslim, Hadees: 1977|5119)
Is hadees se saabit huwa ke qurbaani karne waale shakhs 1 zul hijjah se ley kar qurbaani karne tak apne baal nahi kaatney chahiyen aur naakhun nahi taraashne chahiyen.
Agar kisi ka naakhun toot jaaye ya aisi kharaabi ho jaaye ke naakhun taraashna zaroori ho tou phir aisa karna jayiz hai jaisa ke ijmaa' se saabit hai.
3) Ek hadees mein aaya hai ke ek shakh ne Nabi ﷺ se pouchaa: agar mujhe sirf maada jaanwar (dood deyne waala) qurbaani ke liye miley tou kya main uski qurbaani kar lon? Aap ﷺ ne farmaaya: nahi, lekin tum naakhun aur baal kaat lo, monchcheh taraash lo aur sharamgah ke baal mundwaa lo tou Allah ke haan yeh tumhari poori qurbaani hai.
(Sunan Abu Dawood, Hadees: 2789, Wa Sanadahu Hasan)
Is hadees se maloom huwa ke jo shaksh qurbaani karne ki taqat na rakhta ho, wo agar 1 zul hijjah se ley kar namaz e eid tak baal na katwaaye aur naakhun na taraashay tou usey poori qurbaani ka sawaab milta hai. سبحان الله
Qurbaani Ka Maqsad
Qurbaani ka maqsad Allah تعالٰی ko raazi karna aur Rasoolullah ﷺ ki sunnat e mubarakah mutahhara par khuloos e niyat se amal karna hai aur ان شاء الله iska bahut bada sawaab milega.
Qurbaani Ke Jaanwar Ki Sharaayit
Kis qism ke jaanwar ki qurbaani karni chahiye aur iski kya sharaayit hain? mukhtalif fiqron aur nambaron ki surat mein iski tafseel paish e khidmat hai:
1) Qurbaani sirf musinna yaani donday jaanwar ki hi jayiz hai aur agar tangi ki wajah se donday na mil sake tou phir bhayd (dunba, sheep) ka jaza'a (ek saal ka dunbay) ki qurbaani jayiz hai. (Dekhe: Sahih Muslim, Hadees: 1963)
Tangi se muraad sirf yeh hai ke market mein manddi mein poori koshish aur talash ke ba-wajood donday jaanwar na mil sake.
2) Hadees se sabit hai ke chaar jaanwaron ki qurbaani jayiz nahi hai:
- Waazeh taur par kaanaa jaanwar,
- Waazeh taur par bimaar
- Waazeh taur par langdaa
- Aur bahut ziyadah kamzor jaanwar jo ke haddiyon ka dhanchaa ho.
(Dekhe: Sunan Abu Dawood, Hadees: 2802, Wa Sanadahu Sahih)
3) Sayyiduna Ali رضی اللہ عنہ se riwayat hai ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ne seeng katay jaanwar ki qurbaani se mana' farmaaya hai. Imam Sayeed bin Musayyab رحمہ اللہ ne farmaaya: aisa jaanwar jiska aadha seeng ya is sey ziyadah toota huwa ho.
(Sunan Tirmizi, Hadees: 1504, Wa Qaal: Hasan Sahih)
Sayyiduna Ali رضی اللہ عنہ se doosri riwayat mein aaya hai ke Rasoolullah ﷺ ne hamen hukm diya: "(Qurbaani ke jaanwar mein) aankh aur kaan dekhen." (Sunan Tirmizi, Hadees: 1503, Wa Qaal: Hasan Sahih)
Is par ijmaa' hai ke andhay jaanwar ki qurbaani jayiz nahi hai. (al-Majmue Sharah al-Muhazzab: 8/404)
Imam Khattaabi رحمہ اللہ (died 388-H) ne farmaaya: "Is hadees (jo fiqrah number 2 mein guzar chuki hai) mein yeh daleel hai ke qurbaani (waale jaanwar) mein mamooli naqs mu'aaf hai. (Ma'alim us Sunan: 2/199)
'Obaid bin Feroz (tabayi) ne Sayyiduna Baraa bin 'Aazib رضی اللہ عنہ se kaha: mujhe aisa jaanwar bhi na-pasand hai jis ke daant mein naqs ho. unhon ne farmaaya: tumhen jo cheez buri lage usey chhor do aur doosron par usey haraam na karo. (Sunan Abu Dawood, Hadees: 2803, Wa Sanadahu Sahih)
Tambeeh:
Agar kisi jaanwar ke seeng par mamooli ragad ho ya uske oopar waali topi toot gayi ho tou Imam Sayeed bin Musayyab رحمہ اللہ ki mazkorah riwayat ki ru se uski qurbaani jayiz hai. (Dekhe: Mutafarriq Masaail 8 mein dekhe)
Qurbaani Ki Khaalen
Qurbaani ki khaalen miskeen logon mein taqseem karden, jaisa ke Sayyiduna 'Ali رضی اللہ عنہ waali hadees se saabit hai. (Dekhe: Sahih Muslim, Hadees 1317)
Zabah karne waale ya qassaab ko ujrat mein qurbaani ki khaalen deyna jayiz nahi hai aur isi tarha ujrat mein qurbaani ka gosht deyna bhi jayiz nahi balke haraam hai.
Gosht Ki Taqseem
Qurbaani ka saara gosht kudh khana zakhira kar leyna aur iske teen hissey kar ke ek hissah apne liye, ek ghareeb miskeen logon ke liye aur ek rishtedaaron doston ke liye makhsoos karna bhi jayiz hai, balke yeh behtar hai. (Dekhe: Surah al-Haj Ayat 28-36)
Qurbaani Ke Hissey Aur Sharaakat
Bakri aur dunbay bhed ka sirf ek hissah hota hai, lekin gaye, bail aur oont oontni mein saat hissah Sahih Hadees se saabit hain aur ek Hasan riwayat se oont, oontni mein dus hisson ka bhi saboot hai. (Daleel ke liye dekhe Sahih Muslim, Hadees: 1318, Sunan Tirmizi, Hadees: 1501, Wa Qaal: Hasan Gareeb)
Tambeeh:
Sirf Sahih ul Aqeedah musalmaano ke sath mil kar saat ya dus hisson mein sharaakat ho sakti hai aur ahle bid'at, gunrah zaal-o-muzil (jo kudh bhi gumrah ho aur doosro ko bhi gumrah kare aise) logon ke sath mil kar kabhi qurbaani nahi karni chahiye aur na aise gumrahon ke kisi amal ka koi wazan hai, balke aise logon ke tamaam amaal "udtey huwe gubaar ki tarha" kar ke hawa mein udaa diye jaayege. ان شاء الله
Mutafarriq Masaail
Akhir mein qurbaani ke barey mein kayi mutafarriq masaail fiqraat ki surat mein paish e khidmat hain:
1) Jaanwar ko zabah karte waqt tasmiya aur takbeer "بسم الله الله اكبر" kehna sunnat se saabit hai. (Dekhe: Sahih Muslim: 1966, Sahih Bukhari: 5564)
Sirf "بسم الله" padhna bhi saabit hai. (Dekhe: Sahih Muslim: 1967)
2) Poorey ghar ki taraf se ek qurbaani bhi kaafi hai. (Dekhe: Sunan Tirmizi: 1505, Wa Qaal: Hasan Sahih)
Aur ghar ke doosrey afraad bhi qurbaaniyan kar sakte hain.
3) Mayyat ki taraf se qurbaani karna saabit nahi aur is barey mein jo riwayat aayi hai, is ki sanad Shareek Wahakam bin Utaybah mudalliseen ki 'an se riwayat aur Abul Hasan ke majhool hone ki wajah se zaeef hai, lekin mayyat ki taraf se sadqah karna jayiz hai, lehaza agar koi shakhs Rasoolullah ﷺ ya kisi mayyat ki taraf se qurbaani kare tou iska saara gosht aur khaal wagerah sadqah kar dey.
4) Qurbaani ka jaanwar pehle se khareed kar usey khilaa pilaa kar motaa karna jayiz hai. (Dekhe: Tagleeq ut-Ta'leeq: 5/6 Wa Sanadahu Sahih)
5) Eidgah mein qurbaani karna jayiz hai aur eidgah ke bahar masalan ghar mein ya ghar se bahar wagerah mein qurbaani karna bhi jayiz hai. (Dekhe: Sahih Bukhari: 5551,5552)
6) Qurbaani ka jaanwar kudh zabah karna sunnat hai aur doosrey se zabah karna bhi jayiz hai. (Dekhe: Muwatta Imam Malik, Riwayat Ibne Qasim, Tahqeeq ke sath: 145)
7) Agar masnoon ya nafli qurbaani ka jaanwar gom ho jaaye tou jaanwar ke malik ki marzi hai ke doosra jaanwar ley kar qurbaani kare ya qurbaani na kare. (Dekhe: Sunan al-Kubra: 9/289, Wa Sanadahu Sahih)
8) Sayyiduna Abdullah bin Zubair رضی اللہ عنہ ne qurbaani ke jaanwaron mein ek kaani oontni dekhi tou farmaaya: "Agar yeh khareedne ke b'ad kaani huwi hai tou iski qurbaani kar lo aur agar khareedne se pehle kaani thi tou isey badal kar doosri oontni ki qurbaani karo."
(Sunan al-Kubra Lil Baihaqi: 9/289, Wa Sanadahu Sahih)
Saabit huwa ke agar qurbaani ka jaanwar khareed liya jaaye aur iske b'ad is mein koi naqs waaqi' ho jaaye tou aise jaanwar ki qurbaani jayiz hai.
9) Agar qurbaani ka iraadah rakhne waala koi shakhs naakhun ya baal katwaa dey aur phir qurbaani kare tou iski qurbaani ho jaayegi, lekin yeh shakhs gunahgaar hoga.
(Dekhe: ash-Sharh ul-Mumti' 3/430)
10) Agar kisi doosrey ki taraf se qurbaani ki jaaye tou zabah karte waqt us aadmi ka naam leyte huwe yeh kehna chahiye ke yeh qurbaani uski taraf se hai.
Tambeeh: Is silsile mein tafseeli dalaayil aur masaail ke liye dekhe meri kitaab "Tehqeeqi Maqalaat 2/211-219"
11) Khasi jaanwar ki qurbaani jayiz hai aur iske na-jayiz hone ki koi sahih daleel nahi hai.
12) Agar kisi aadmi ko Allah ne maal aur daulat ataa kiya huwa hai tou wo kayi qurbaaniyan kar sakta hai aur zaahir hai ke iske amal se guraba aur masakeen aur aam musalmaano ko faaidah hoga.
13) Gaye ka gosht khana bilkul halaal hai aur kisi qism ki kisi bimaari ka koi khatrah nahi hai, illaa yeh ke koi shaksh ba-zaat e kudh bimaar ho, jis riwayat mein aaya hai ke gaye ke gosht mein bimaari hai, wo riwayat zaeef hai aur isey sahih qaraar deyna galat hai.
14) Oont ka gosht khane se wuzu toot jaata hai, jaisa ke (Sahih Muslim: 360, Darussalaam: 802) ki hadees se sabait hai aur doosra gosht masalan gaye, bakri aur bhed ka gosht khane se wuzu nahi tootta.
15) Qurbaani ka asl maqsad yeh hai ke taqwa haasil ho, lehaza har waqt Allah se darte rehna chahiye. (Dekhe Surah Haj: 37)
16) Qurbaani ke jaanwar (masalan gaye) mein aqeeqah ke hisse shamil karna jayiz nahi aur yaad rahe aqeeqey mein sirf bakra bakri ya bhed dunbay zabah karna hi sahih hai, ladke ki taraf do aur ladki ki taraf se ek, aqeeqah alaaheda karna chahiye aur qurbaani alaaheda karni chahiye.
Jhoot bolne, gheebat karne, chogli khane aur har qism ke kabeerah gunaahon se apne aap ko hamesha bachaye aur dua karen ke Allah تعالٰی aap ke aur hamare amaal apne darbaar mein qubool farmaaye.
وما علينا إلا البلاغ
Jamia Imam Bukhari, Moqam e Hayat, Sargodha,
(October 8 2011)
Reference: Tehqeeqi Islahi aur Ilmi Maqalaat Jild 5, Page 199-205
Tahreer: Hafiz Zubair Ali Zai رحمہ اللہ
Romanised: Syed Ibrahim
