Istelahaat E Muhaddiseen Aur Kutub E Ahadees Ki Aqsaam!
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
Hadees Ki Tareef:
"Rasoolullah ﷺ Ke Mutalliq Rawiyon Ke Zariye Se Jo Kuch Hum Tak Pohncha, Wo Hadees Kehlata Hai, Hadees Ko Baaz Dafa Sunnat, Khabar Aur Aasar Bhi Kaha Jaata Hai."
Buniyaadi Aqsaam:
قــــــولــــــی حــــــدیــــــث
Qauli Hadees:
Wo Hadees Jis Mein Aap ﷺ Ka Farmaan Mazkoor Ho.
فـــعـــلـــی حـــدیــــث
Fe'li Hadees:
Wo Hadees Jis Mein Aap ﷺ Ka Fe'l Mazkoor Ho
تـــقـــریـــری حــــدیــــث
Taqreeri Hadees:
Wo Hadees Jis Mein Aap ﷺ Ka Kisi Baat Par Khamosh Rehna Mazkoor Ho.
شــــمــــائــــل نـــبـــوی
Shamail E Nabawi:
Wo Ahadees Jin Mein Aap ﷺ Ke Aadaat O Akhlaaq Ya Badani Awsaaf Mazkoor Hon.
Wazaahat:
مـــــتـــــن
Matn
ســـنـــد
Sanad
مـــتّـــصـــل
Muttasil
مـــنـــقـــطـــع
Munqate
Kisi Hadees Ki Asal Ibaarat "Matn" Kehlati Hai, Matn Se Pehle Rawiyon Ke Silsile Ko "Sanad" Kehtey Hain, Sanad Ka Koi Rawi Hazaf Na Ho Tou Wo "Muttasil" Hoti Hai Warna "Munqate"
Nisbat Ke Aitebaar Se Hadees Ki Aqsaam:
حـــديـــث قـــدســـى
Hadees E Qudsi:
Allah تعالٰی Ka Wo Farmaan Jise Nabi e Akram ﷺ Ney Allah تعالٰی Se Riwayat Kiya Ho, Rawiyon Ke Zariye Se Hum Tak Pohcha Ho Aur Qur'an E Majeed Mein Maujood Na Ho.
مـــــرفـــــوع
Marfoo:
Wo Hadees Jis Mein Kisi Qaoul, Fe'l Ya Taqreer Ko Rasoolullah ﷺ Ki Taraf Mansoob Kiya Gaya Ho.
مـــــوقـــــوف
Mauqoof:
Wo Hadees Jis Mein Kisi Qaul, Fe'l Ya Taqreer Ko Sahabi Ki Taraf Mansoob Kiya Gaya Ho.
مـــقـــطـــوع
Maqtoo:
Wo Hadees Jis Mein Kisi Qaoul, Fail Ya Taqreer Ko Tabayee Ya Taba' Tabayee Ki Taraf Mansoob Kiya Gaya Ho.
Rawiyon Ki Tadaad Ke Aitebaar Se Hadees Ki Aqsaam:
مـــــتـــــواتـــــر
Mutawatir:
Wo Hadees Jis Mein Tawatur Ki Chaar Sharte Payi Jaye:
- Isey Rawiyon Ki Badi Tadaad Riwayat Karey,
- Insani Aqal Wa Aadat Inke Jhoota Honay Ko Mahaal Samjhe,
- Yeh Kasrat Ahad E Nabuwat Se Ley Kar Sahib E Kitaab Muhaddis Ke Zamane Tak Sanad Ke Har Tabqe Mein Payi Jaye,
- Hadees Ka Taluq Insani Mushahide Ya Sam'aat Se Ho.
Wazaahat: Rawiyon Ki Jamaat Jisne Ek Ustaad Ya Ziyada Asaatizah Se Hadees Ka Samaa Kiya Ho "Tabqa" Kehlata Hai.
خـــبـــر واحـــد
Khabar E Wahid:
Wo Hadees Jis Mein Mutawatir Hadees Ki Sharte Jama Na Ho, Is Ki Chaar Qisme Hai:
مـــــشـــــهـــــور
Mashoor:
Wo Hadees Jis Ke Rawiyon Ki Tadaad Har Tabqe Mein Do Se Ziyada Ho Magar Eksaan Na Ho, Masalan Kisi Tabqe Mein Teen, Kisi Mein Chaar Aur Kisi Mein Panch Rawi Isey Bayaan Karte Hon.
مـــستــــفـــیـــض
Mustafeez:
Wo Hadees Jis Ke Rawi Har Tabqe Mein Do Se Ziyada Aur Eksaan Tadaad Mein Ho Ya Sanad Ke Awwal Wa Aakhir Mein In Ki Tadaad Eksaan Ho.
عـــــزیـــــز
Azeez:
Wo Hadees Jis Ke Rawi Kisi Tabqe Mein Sirf Do Ho.
غـــــریـــــب
Ghareeb:
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Bayaan Karney Waala Kisi Zamane Mein Sirf Ek Rawi Ho, Agar Wo Sahabi Ya Tabayee Hai Tou Isey "Ghareeb E Mutlaq" غریب مطلق Kahegen Aur Agar Koi Aur Rawi Hai Tou Isey "Ghareeb E Nisabi" غریب نسبى Kahegen.
Wazaahat: Mazkoorah Bala Aqsaam Mein Se Mutawatir Hadees Ilmal Yaqeen Ki Had Tak Sachchi Hoti, Baqi Aqsaam Maqbool Ya Mardood Ho Sakti Hain.
Qubool Wa Rad Ke Aitebaar Se Hadees Ki Aqsaam:
مـــقـــبـــول
Maqbool:
Wo Hadees Jo Wajibul Aamal Ho.
مـــــردود
Mardood:
Wo Hadees Jo Maqbool Na Ho..
Maqbool Hadees Ki Aqsaam Wa Darjaat (Sharayit E Qubooliyat Ke Aitebaar Se):
صحیح لذاته
Saheeh Li'zaatihi:
Wo Hadees Jis Mein Sehat Ki Panch Sharte Payi Jaye:
- Uski Sanad "Muttasil" متصل Ho, Yane Har Rawi Ney Usey Apne Ustaad Se Aakhaz Kiya Ho,
- Uska Har Rawi Aadil Ho, Yane Kabeera Gunhaon Se Bachta Ho, Sageera Gunhaon Par Israar Na Karta Ho, Shaista Tabiyat Ka Malik Aur Ba-Akhlaaq Ho,
- Wo "Kamiluz'zabt" كامل الضّبط Ho, Yane Hadees Ko Tehreer Ya Hafize Ke Zariye Se Kama'haqqahu Mehfooz Karey Aur Aagey Pohchaye.
- Wo Hadees "Shaaz" شاذ Na Ho,
- Wo Hadees "Malool" معلول Na Ho.
(Shaaz Wa Maloom Ki Wazahat Aagey Aarahi Hai)
حسن لذاته
Hasan Li'zaatihi:
Wo Hadees Jis Ke Baaz Rawi Saheeh Hadees Ke Rawiyon Ki Nisbat
"Khafeefuz'zabt" خفیف الضّبط (halke Zabt Waale) Hon, Baqi Sharten Wahi Hon.
Wazaahat: Hasan Li'zaatihi Ka Darja Saheeh Li'ghairihi Ke Baad Hai Magar Tarifaat Ko Aasaan Tar Karne Ke Liye Tarteeb Badli Gayi Hai.
صحیح لغیرہ
Saheeh Li'ghairihi:
Jab Hasan Hadees Ki Ek Se Za'yid Sanaden Hon Tou Wo Hasan Ke Darje Se Taraqqi Kar Ke Saheeh Ke Darje Tak Pouhch Jaati Hai, Isey Saheeh Li'ghairihi Kehtey Hai Kuy Ke Wo Apne Ghair (Doosri Sanadon) Ki Wajhe Se Darja E Sehat Ko Pohchi.
حسن لغيره
Hasan Li'ghairihi:
Wo Hadees Jis Ke Muta'id Sanaden Hon, Har Sanad Mein Mamoli Zuaaf Ho Magar Muta'id Sanadon Sey Is Zuaaf Ki Talafi Ho Jaye Tou Hasan Li'ghairihi Ke Darje Ko Pohch Jaati Hai.
Saheeh Hadees Ki Aqsaam Darjaat (Kutub E Hadees Mein Paye Jaaney Ke Aitebaar Se):
متّفق عليه
Muttafaqun Aalayh:
Wo Hadees Jo Saheeh Bukhari Aur Saheeh Muslim Dono Mein Payi Jaye Muttafaq Aalayh Kehlati Hai Aur Sehat Ke Sab Se Aala Darje Par Hoti Hai.
افراد بخاری
Afraadi Bukhari:
Har Wo Hadees Jo Sahih Bukhari Mein Payi Jaye Aur Saheeh Muslim Mein Na Payi Jaye.
افراد مسلم
Afraadi Muslim:
Har Wo Hadees Jo Saheeh Muslim Mein Payi Jaye Aur Saheeh Bukhari Mein Na Payi Jaye.
صحیح على شرطهما
Saheehun Alaa Shartihimaa:
Wo Hadees Jo Saheeh Bukhari Wa Saheeh Muslim Dono Mein Na Payi Jaye Lekin Dono Ayimma Ki Sharayit Ke Mutabiq Saheeh Ho.
صحیح على شرط البخاري
Saheehun Alaa Shartil Bukhaari:
Wo Hadees Jo Imam Bukhari Ki Sharayit Ke Mutabiq Saheeh Ho Magar Saheeh Bukhari Mein Maujood Na Ho.
صحیح على شرط مسلم
Saheehun Alaa Sharti Muslim:
Wo Hadees Jo Imam Muslim Ki Sharayit Ke Mutabiq Saheeh Ho Magar Saheeh Muslim Mein Maujood Na Ho.
صحیح على شرط غيرهما
Saheehun Alaa Sharti Ghairihimaa:
Wo Hadees Jo Imam Bukhari Wa Imam Muslim Ke ilaawah Digar Muhaddiseen Ki Sharayit Ke Mutabiq Saheeh Ho.
Mardood Hadees Ki Aqsaam Inqataa' Sanad Ki Wajhe Se:
معلق
Muallaq:
Wo Hadees Jis Ki Sanad Ka Ibtedayi Hissa Ya Saari Sanad Hi (Amdan) Hazaf Kardi Gayi Ho.
مرسل
Mursal:
Wo Hadees Jise Tabayee Bilawasta Rasoolullah (ﷺ) Se Bayaan Karey.
معضل
Muzal:
Wo Hadees Jis Ki Sanad Ke Darmiyaan Se Do Ya Do Se Ziyada Rawi Ekkhattey Hazaf Hon.
منقطع
Munkhate':
Wo Hadees Jis Ke Sanad Ke Darmiyaan Se Ek Ya Ek Se Zayid Rawi Muqtalif Maqamaat Se Hazaf Hon.
مدلس
Mudallas:
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Rawi Kisi Wajhe Se Apne Ustaad Ya Ustaad Ke Ustaad Ka Naam (Ya Taruf) Chopaye Lekin Sunney Walon Ko Yeh Tasur Dey Ke Maine Aisa Nahi Kiya, Sanad Muttasil Hi Hai, Halanke Is Sanad Mein Rawiyon Ki Mulaqaat Aur Samaa Tou Sabit Hota Hai Magar Mutaliqa Riwayat Ka Samaa Nahi Hota.
مرسل خفی
Mursal E Khafee:
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Rawi Apne Aise Hum Asar Se Riwayat Karey Jis Se Us Ki Mulaqaat Sabit Na Ho.
معلول/معلل
Malool Ya Muallal:
Wo Hadees Jo Bazahir Maqbool Maloom Hoti Ho Lekin Is Mein Aisi Poshida Illat Ya Aib Payaa Jaye Jo Isey Ghair Maqbool Bana Dey, Is Oyoob Wa Ilal Ka Pata Chalana Mahireen E Fan Hi Ka Kaam Hai, Har Shahskh Ke Bas Ki Baat Nahi.
Mardood Hadees Ki Aqsaam Rawi Ke Aadil Na Honay Ki Wajhe Se:
روایه المبتدع
Riwayatul Mubtadi':
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Rawi Bidat E Mukaffara Ka Qail O Fa'il Ho Lekin Agar Rawi Ki Bidat Mukaffara Na Ho Aur Wo Aadil Wa Zabit Bhi Ho Tou Phir Us Ki Riwayat Mautabar Hogi Yaad Rahe Bidat E Mukaffara (Kafir Bananey Waali Bidat) Se Irtaad Lazim Aata Hai.
روایه الفاسق
Riwayatul Faasiq:
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Rawi Kabeera Gunhaon Ka Murtakib Ho Lekin Had E Kufr Ko Na Pouhchey.
متروک
Matrook:
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Rawi Aam Bol Chal Mein Jhoot Bolta Ho Aur Muhaddiseen Ney Is Ki Riwayat Ko Qubool Karney Se Inkaar Kar Diya Ho.
موضوع
Mauzoo':
Wo Hadees Jis Ke Rawi Ney Kisi Mauqe Par Hadees Ke Mamle Mein Jhoot Bola Ho, Aise Rawi Ki Har Riwayat Ko Mauzoo (Man Ghadat) Kehtey Hai.
Mardood Hadees Ki Aqsaam Rawi Ke Zabit Na Honay Ki Wajhe Se:
مصحف
Mu'sahhaf:
Wo Hadees Jis Ke Kisi Lafz Ki Zahiri Shakal Durust Ho Magar Nuqtaon, Harkaat Ya Sukoon Wagera Ke Badalne Se Is Ka Talaffuz Badal Gaya Ho.
مقلوب
Maqloob:
Wo Hadees Jis Ke Alfaaz Mein Rawi Ki Bhool Se Taqdeem Wa Taqeer Waqai Hogayi Ho Ya Sanad Mein Ek Rawi Ki Jagha Dusra Rawi Rakaha Gaya Ho.
مدرج
Mudraj:
Wo Hadees Jis Mein Kisi Jagha Rawi Ka Apna Kalaam Amdan Ya Sahuwan Darj Ho Jaye Aur Is Par Alfaaz E Hadees Honay Ka Shuba Hota Ho.
المزید فی متصل الاسانید
Al Mazeed Fee Muttasil Asaanid:
Jab Do Rawi Ek Hi Sanad Bayaan Karen, Un Mein Ek Siqa Aur Doosra Ziyada Siqa Ho. Agar Siqa Rawi Is Sanad Mein Ek Rawi Ka Izafa Bayaan Kare Tou Is Ki Riwayat Ko Mazeed Fee Muttasili Asaanid Kehtey Hain.
شاذ
Shaaz:
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Rawi Maqbool (Siqa Ya Sudooq) Ho Aur Aur Bayaan E Hadees Mein Apne Se Ziyada Siqa Ya Apne Jaise Bahut Siqa Rawiyon Ki Mukhalifat Karey (Shaaz Ke Bil-muqabil Hadees Ko Mehfooz Kehtey Hain)
منکر
Munkar:
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Rawi Zaeef Ho Aur Bayaan E Hadees Mein Ek Se Ziyada Siqa Rawiyon Mukhalifat Karey (Munkar Ke Bil-muqabil Hadees Ko Maroof Kehtey Hain)
روایه سیئ الحفظ
Riwayatu Sayyil Hifz:
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Rawi "Sayyil Hifz" Yane Paidaishi Taur Par Kamzor Hafezey Waala Ho.
روایه کثیر الغفله
Riwayatu Kaseeril Ghaflah:
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Rawi Shadeed Ghaflat Ya Kaseer Ghaltiyon Ka Murtakib Ho.
روایه فاحش الغلط
Riwayatu Faahishil Ghalat:
Wo Hadees Jis Ke Rawi Se Faash Qisam Ki Ghaltiyan Sarsad Hon.
روایه المختلط
Riwayatul Mukhtalit:
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Rawi Budhape Ya Kisi Hadse Ki Wajhe Se Yaddash Kho Baitha Ya Us Ki Tehreer Karda Ahadees Zaya Ho Jayen.
مضطرب
Muztarib:
Wo Hadees Jis Ki Sanad Ya Matn Mein Rawiyon Ka Aisa Ikhtilaaf Waqai Ho Jo Hal Na Ho Sake.
Mardood Hadees Ki Aqsaam Rawiyon Ke Majhool Honay Ki Wajhe Se:
روایه مجهول العین
Riwayatu Majhoolil Aeen:
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Rawi Majholil Aeen Ho, Yane Is Ke Mutalliq Ayimma E Fan Ka Koi Aisa Tabsara Na Milta Ho Jis Se Ke Is Ke Siqa Ya Zaeef Honay Ka Pata Chal Sake Aur Is Se Riwayat Karney Waala Bhi Sirf Ek Hi Shagird Ho Jis Ke Baais Is Ki Shakshiyat Majhool Teharti Ho.
روایه مجهول الحال/مستور
Riwayatu Majhoolil Haal/Mastoor:
Wo Hadees Jis Ka Rawi Majholil Haal Ho, Yane Is Ke Mutaliq Ayimma E Fan Ka Koi Tabsara Na Milta Ho Is Se Riwayat Karney Waaley Kul Do Aadmi Ho, Jis Ke Baais Is Ki Shakshiyat Maloom Aur Halat Majhool Teharti Ho, Aise Rawi Ko "Mastoor" Bhi Kehtey Hain.
مبهم
Mubham:
Wo Hadees Jis Ki Sanad Mein Kisi Rawi Ke Naam Ki Saraahat Na Ho.
Kutub E Ahadees Ki Aqsaam:
كتب صحاح
Kutub E Sihaah:
Har Wo Kitaab Jis Ke Muallif Ney Apni Kitaab Mein Saheeh Riwayaat Laaney Ka Iltezaam Kiya Ho Aur "Saheeh" Ke Lafz Ko Kitaab Ke Naam Ka Hissa Banaya Ho, Aisi Kitaab Ki Riwayaat Kam Az Kam Uske Muallif Ke Nazdeek Saheeh Hoti Hain, Aur Agar Wo Khudh Hi Kisi Hadees Ki Illat Bayaan Kardey Tou Is Se Us Kitaab Ke Saheeh Honay Par Harf Nahi Aata.
صحاح ستّه
Sihaah Sittah:
Hadees Ke Chey Kutub Saheeh Bukhaari, Saheeh Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawood, Sunan Nasayi Jaame Tirmizi Aur Sunan Ibne Majah Sihaah Sitta Keh Laati Hain, Inhen "Usool E Sittah" اصول ستّه Ya "Kutub E Sitah" كتب ستّه Bhi Kaha Jaata Hai, Pehli Do Kitaaben "Saheehain" صحيحين Keh Laati Hain Aur Yeh Sirf Apne Muallifeen Ke Nazdeek Hi Saheeh Nahi Hain Balke Poori Ummat Ke Nazdeek Sehat Ke Aalaa Darjey Par Faaiz Hain, In Par Aiteraaz Baraye Aiteraaz Karney Waala Shaksh, Sha Waliullah Muhaddis Dehelvi Rahimahullah Ke Ba-qaoul Ijmaa' E Ummat Ka Mukhalif Bidati Hai Jab Ke Aakhri Chaar Kitabon Ko Sunan Arba Kehtey Hain, Goya In Mein Zaeef Ahadees Maujood Hain, Taham Saheeh Hadeeson Ki Kasrat Ki Wajhe Se Aksar Ulama Inhen "Sihaah Sittah" Mein Shumaar Kartey Hain.
جامع
Jaame:
Jis Kitaab Mein Islam Se Mutalliq Tanaam Mauzoaat, Maslan: Aqaayid, Ahkaam, Tafseer, Jannat, Dozakh Wagera Se Taluq Rakhney Waali Ahadees Riwayat Ki Gayi Hon, Maslan: Saheeh Bukhaari Aur Jaame Tirmizi Wagera.
سنن
Sunan:
Jis Kitaab Mein Sirf Aamali Ahkaam Se Mutalliq Ahadees Fiqee Tabweeb Wa Tarteeb Par Jama Ki Gayi Hon, Maslan: Sunan Abi Dawood.
مسند
Musnad:
Jis Kitaab Mein Ek Sahabi Ya Mutayid Sahaba Ki Riwayaat Ko Alag Alag Jama Kiya Gaya Ho, Maslan: Musnad Ahmed, Musnad Humaidi.
مستخرج
Mustaqraj:
Jis Kitaab Mein Musannif Kisi Doosri Kitaab Ki Hadeeson Ko Apni Sanadon Se Riwayat Karey, Maslan: Mustaqraj Ismayeel Alaa Saheehul Bukhaari.
مستدرک
Mustadrak:
Jis Kitaab Mein Musannif Aisi Riwayaat Jama Karey Jo Kisi Doosrey Musannif Ki Sharayit Ke Mutabiq Hon Lekin Us Ki Kitaab Mein Na Hon, Maslan: Mustadrak Haakim.
معجم
Mujam:
Jis Kitaab Mein Musannif Ek Khaas Tarteeb Ke Saath Apne Har Ustaad Ki Riwayaat Ko Alag Alag Jama Karey, Maslan: Mujam Tabrani.
اربعين
Arba'een:
Jis Kitaab Mein Kisi Ek Ya Mukhtalif Mauzoaat Par Chalees Ahadees Jama Ki Gayi Hon, Maslan: Arba'een Nawawi, Arba'een Sanayi Wagera.
جزء
Juz':
Wo Kitaab Jis Mein Sirf Ek Rawi Ya Ek Mauzo Ki Riwayaat Jama Ki Gayi Ho, Jaise Imaam Bukhaari رحمہ اللہ Ki "Juz'ou' Rafyil Yadain" Aur "Juz'ul Qiraa'ati Khalful Imaam" Ya Imaam Bihaqi رحمہ اللہ Ki "Kitabul Qiraa'ati Khalful Imaam" Wagera.
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Reference: |Sunan Ibne Majah (Urdu Tarjuma Ke Saath Jo Darussalaam Se Published Huwi Hai) Is Ke Jild 1 Page 50-56 Se Liya Gaya Aur Romanised Kiya Gaya|
Romanised: Syed Ibrahim
