Baghair Ilm Ke Fatwa Deyna!
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
أَنَّ رَجُلًا، أَجْنَبَ فِي شِتَاءٍ، فَسَأَلَ فَأُمِرَ بِالْغُسْلِ فَاغْتَسَلَ فَمَاتَ فَذُكِرَ ذٰلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ؛ "مَا لَهُمْ قَتَلُوهُ قَتَلَهُمُ اللَّهُ ثَلَاثًا قَدْ جَعَلَ اللَّهُ الصَّعِيدَ أَوِ التَّيَمُّمَ طَهُورًا
"Ek aadmi sardi ke mausam mein junbi ho gaya, usne mas'ala pouchaa, tou usey ghusul karne ka hukm diya gaya, usne ghusul kiya, tou mar gaya, Nabi e Kareem ﷺ ko yeh baat bataayi gayi, tou Aap ﷺ ne farmaaya: Allah inko barbaad kare, inhon ne usey maar daala (yeh baat aap ne teen martabah farmaayi) Allah ne mitthi ya tayyammum ko tumhaare liye taharat (pakeezgi) ka zari'ah banaaya hai."(Musnad Ahmed: 1/380, Sunan Ibne Majah: 572, Sunan Daarmi: 1/190,191, Wa Sanadahu Hasan)
Is hadees ko Imam Ibne Jarood Rahimahullah (128), Imam Ibne Khuzaima Rahimahullah (273), Imam Ibne Hibbaan Rahimahullah (1314), aur Imam Haakim Rahimahullah (1/165) ne "Sahih" kaha hai, Hafiz Zehbi Rahimahullah ne inki muwaafiqat ki hai.
Waleed bin Abdullah bin Rabah "Siqah" hain, Imam Daarqutni Rahimahullah (Sunan Daarqutni: 3/72) aur Hafiz Baihaqi Rahimahullah (Sunan Kubra: 6/6) ka isey "Za'eef" kehna marjoh hai, isey Imam Yahiyah bin Ma'een Rahimahullah ne "Siqah" kaha hai, (aj-Jarh wat-Tadeel Li Ibne Abi Haatim: 9/9), Imam Ibne Hibbaan Rahimahullah ne "as-Siqaat" (7/549) mein zikr kiya hai.
Imam Haakim Rahimahullah farmaate hain:
هو قليل الحديث جدًّا
"Iski bahut kam riwayaat hain."In ayyimma kiraam ne is ki hadees ki tasheeh kar rakkhi hai, lehaza is ki tawseeq hi rajeh hai.
Hafiz Khattabi Rahimahullah (388-H) farmaate hain:
في هذا الحديث من العلم أنه عابهم بالفتوى بغير علم وألحق بهم الوعيد بأن دعا عليهم وجعلهم في الإثم قتلة له
"Is hadees mein 'ilmi nuktah hai ke Nabi e Kareem ﷺ ne Sahaba ke baghair ilm ke fatwaa deyne ko mu'eeb (aib-daar) jaana, inhen wa'eed sunaayi, inke liye bad-dua ki aur inhen is qatl par gunahgaar tehraaya."(Ma'alim as-Sunan: 1/104)
Sahaba e Kiraam ne ijtehaat karte huwe usey ghusul karne ka hukm diya, magar yeh ijtehaad Kitaab o Sunnat ki nusoos par mabni na tha, jis par Nabi e Kareem ﷺ ne inhen gunahgaar qaraar diya, Sahaba tou maghfoor hain, lehaza ab agar koi Kitaab o Sunnat ki nusoos ke baghair ijtehaad kare, tou wo mazmoom hai aur is wa'eed mein dakhil hai, phir wo kis qadr gunahgaar hoga, jo Kitaab o Sunnat ki waazeh nusoos ke khilaaf fatwaa deyta hai!
Tahreer: Shaykh Ghulaam Mustafa Zaheer Amanpuri Hafizahullah
Romanised: Syed Ibrahim